Ship Systems and Machinery: Introduction to Marine Engineering

Authors: Jan Babicz

Published: 2015, 1st Edition

172 pages A4, 128 photos, 73 drawings and diagrams

The book consists of carefully prepared and well-illustrated text based on publications is­sued by manufactures of equipment typical for engine room of modern ships, rules and guidelines of class societies, etc. This publica­tion serves two aims. The first is to give the readers basic knowledge on marine power plants, ship systems and engine room equip­ment. The second is to acquaint the readers who have the general knowledge of English with the specific terminology used in marine engineering.

A large number of complicated equipment such as a main engines, diesel generator sets, oil centrifuges, heaters, coolers, pumps and alike, can be found in ship machinery spaces. In addition to standard items, there appear more and more new sophisticated ones, such as ballast water management plants, exhaust gas scrubbers, Selective Catalyst Reduction reactors, to mention just afew.

Every piece of equipment has its own tech­nical manual in English, that contains in­stallation, operation and maintenance in­structions. Usually technical manuals are big publications: e.g. main engine techni­cal manual can consist of 400-500 pages or more. Safety of ship, cargo, crew and environment depends on proper function­ing of ship equipment. It is therefore of the utmost importance for engine room staff to know technical English to a degree enabling them to use this documentation in an effec­tive manner. This publication is ment to be a contribution to building such knowledge and understanding.

Contents:
Foreword ................................................................................................................................... 3
1. MARINE POWER PLANTS................................................................................................... 6
1.1 MARINE POWER PLANTS................................................................................................... 6
1.2 MECHANICAL DRIVES......................................................................................................... 7
1.2.1 Direct Drive ..................................................................................................................... 7
1.2.2 Diesel Geared Drive ...................................................................................................... 8
1.3 DIESEL-ELECTRIC POWER PLANTS................................................................................. 9
1.3.1 STADT STASCHO DIESEL- ELECTRIC PROPULSION..................................................... 12
1.4 HYBRID DRIVES................................................................................................................. 13
1.4.1 HYBRID POWER PLANT OF THE AHTS SIEM PEARL..................................................... 14
1.4.2 VARIABLE FREQUENCY DRIVES..................................................................................... 16
2. DIESEL ENGINES............................................................................................................... 18
2.1 DIESEL ENGINES............................................................................................................... 18
2.2 CONSTRUCTION OF LOW-SPEED ENGINE - LARGE PARTS....................................... 25
2.3 CONSTRUCTION OF LOW-SPEED ENGINE - RUNNING GEAR..................................... 33
2.4 FOUR-STROKE DIESEL ENGINE Wärtsil ä 46F............................................................ 40
2.5 COMMON-RAIL SYSTEM OF RT-FLEX ENGINES............................................................ 48
2.6 TURBOCHARGING AND SCAVENGE AIR SYSTEM......................................................... 51
2.7 TURBOCHARGER.............................................................................................................. 52
2.8 ENGINE CONTROL SYSTEM FOR Wärtsil ä RT-FLEX ENGINES................................ 54
2.9 ENGINE MANUALS............................................................................................................. 56
2.10 CRANKCASE EXPLOSIONS.............................................................................................. 58
3. TRANSMISSION SYSTEM................................................................................................. 59
3.1 Shaft Line ........................................................................................................................ 59
3.2 Stern Tube ...................................................................................................................... 61
3.3 Stern Tube Seals ......................................................................................................... 62
3.4 Sterntube Lubricating Oil System ....................................................................... 64
4. PROPULSORS.................................................................................................................... 65
4.1 General ............................................................................................................................ 65
4.2 Screw Propellers ...................................................................................................... 66
4.3 Azimuthing Thrusters .............................................................................................. 68
4.4 Electric Podded Propulsors ................................................................................. 72
4.5 VOITH-SCHNEIDER PROPULSOR.................................................................................... 75
4.6 WATERJET.......................................................................................................................... 76
4.7 CP Propeller Equipment ........................................................................................... 78
5. STEERING SYSTEM........................................................................................................... 81
5.1 STEERING GEARS............................................................................................................. 81
5.2 RUDDERS........................................................................................................................... 85
6. AUXILIARY SYSTEMS....................................................................................................... 89
6.1 PIPING SYSTEMS.............................................................................................................. 92
6.1.1 Pipes Carrying Fuel Oil and Flammable Liquids ............................................... 92
6.2 Valves ............................................................................................................................... 93
ENCYCLOPEDIA OF SHIP KNOWLEDGE ▪ Jan Babicz ▪ All rights reserved 5
SHIP SYSTEMS AND MACHINERY ▪ INTRODUCTION TO MARINE ENGINEERING
6.3 FUEL OIL SYSTEMS........................................................................................................... 95
6.4 HFO Bunkering , Storage and Transfer System ............................................... 95
6.5 HFO Treatment System ............................................................................................... 98
6.6 HFO Supply System .................................................................................................... 101
6.7 LUBRICATION OIL SYSTEMS.......................................................................................... 104
6.8 COOLING WATER SYSTEMS.......................................................................................... 106
6.9 STARTING AND CONTROL AIR SYSTEM........................................................................111
6.10 EXHAUST GAS SYSTEM..................................................................................................113
7. VARIOUS SYSTEMS.........................................................................................................115
7.1 BILGE SYSTEM.................................................................................................................115
7.2 BALLAST WATER SYSTEM...............................................................................................118
7.3 FIRE-FIGHTING SYSTEMS.............................................................................................. 120
7.3.1 FIRE ON BOARD!............................................................................................................. 120
7.3.2 Classification of Fires ............................................................................................ 122
7.3.3 Fire Safety of Engine Rooms ................................................................................ 123
7.3.4 FIRE FIGHTING SYSTEMS.............................................................................................. 124
7.4 INERT GAS SYSTEMS..................................................................................................... 127
8. VARIOUS EQUIPMENT.................................................................................................... 130
8.1 PUMPS.............................................................................................................................. 130
8.1.1 DISPLACEMENT PUMPS................................................................................................. 130
8.1.2 CENTRIFUGAL PUMPS.................................................................................................... 134
8.2 HEAT EXCHANGERS....................................................................................................... 137
8.2.1 Boxcoolers ................................................................................................................. 137
8.2.2 SPERRE Rack Coolers .............................................................................................. 137
8.2.3 Plate Heat Exchanger (PHE)................................................................................... 139
8.2.4 SPERRE Pleat Coolers ............................................................................................. 140
8.3 FILTERS............................................................................................................................ 141
8.3.1 BOLL Automatic Filter ............................................................................................... 141
8.3.2 Duplex Filter ............................................................................................................... 143
8.3.3 ALFA LAVAL Lubricating Oil Filter .......................................................................... 143
8.4 MARINE BOILERS............................................................................................................ 145
9. ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION................................................................................... 149
9.1 BIOLOGICAL SEWAGE TREATMENT.............................................................................. 149
9.2 GARBAGE DISPOSAL ..................................................................................................... 150
9.3 OILY WATER SEPARATOR (OWS).................................................................................. 152
9.4 BALLAST WATER TREATMENT SYSTEMS..................................................................... 154
9.5 NOx REDUCTION.............................................................................................................. 158
9.6 SOx REDUCTION.............................................................................................................. 160
9.7 SOx Scrubbers ............................................................................................................. 161
10. ENGINE ROOM LAYOUT................................................................................................. 164
10.1 BASIC GUIDELINES FOR ENGINE ROOM LAYOUT...................................................... 164
10.2 EXAMPLE OF THE ENGINE ROOM LAYOUT.................................................................. 167