Onboard Safety, 2nd Edition

Published: November 2017

Onboard safety is a wide ranging and expansive subject that includes aspects of all operations conducted onboard all ship types. From the simplest one man task to the navigation and manoeuvring of the largest ship in the world, safety is central to the modern shipping industry.

Oil tankers, gas carriers, car carriers, bulk carriers, container vessels and specialised offshore support vessels all have particular aspects of their operation that require certain skills, competence and levels of safety awareness from their crews. However, there are a vast number of shipboard operations that are common

to all ships, irrespective of their design and purpose, and it is those common aspects of safety that this book highlights.

The majority of these key elements of safety are not new. The shipboard safety organisation has existed for many years and risk assessments have always been a central part of shipboard safety, although in a less formal manner. Formalised risk assessments, more detailed permit to work systems and more intensive induction and familiarisation processes are all now incorporated into shipping company safety management systems, and it is to these standards that the modern seafarer must adhere.

By summarising all of these key elements and by providing, where necessary, case studies of related incidents, it is hoped that this book will act as a comprehensive introduction to shipboard safety for crews, trainees and shoreside personnel.

Content

Introduction
Author’s Note
Author’s Introduction
Acknowledgement
1 Regulations and Guidance
1.1 Shipping Industry Regulatory Framework
1.2 International Maritime Organization (IMO)
1.3 IMO Structure
1.4 Flag State Authorities
1.5 Port State Control
1.6 Classification Societies
1.7 Key Legislation
1.7.1 SOLAS
1.7.2 MARPOL
1.7.3 ISM CODE
1.7.4 The International Convention on Load Lines (1966)
2 The Human Element
2.1 Regulations and Guidance
2.2 Ship, Equipment and System Design
2.2.1 Ship Design
2.2.2 Equipment and System Design
2.3 Safety Management
2.3.1 Onshore Organisation and Interface
2.3.2 Safety Management System
2.4 Safety Leadership and Safety Culture
2.4.1 Safety Leadership
2.4.2 Safety Culture
2.5 Safety and the Individual
2.5.1 Individual Responsibility
2.5.2 Training
2.5.3 Manning Levels and Fatigue
2.5.4 Welfare and Environment
3 Safety Organisation
3.1 Regulations and Guidance
3.2 Safety Organisation
3.3 Shore-Based Management
3.4 Master
3.5 Safety Officer
3.6 Safety Representatives
3.7 Safety Committees and Safety Meetings
3.8 Safety Officer Area Inspections
4 Inductions and Familiarisations
4.1 Rules and Regulations
4.2 Inductions
4.2.1 Alarms, Muster Points and Escape Routes
4.2.2 Single Point Authority
4.2.3 General Safety Information
4.2.4 Safety Tour
4.3 Familiarisation
4.3.1 Musters and Drills
4.3.2 Safety Management System (SMS)
4.3.3 Shipboard Safety Organisation
4.3.4 Life-Saving and Fire-Fighting Equipment
4.3.5 Ship Security
4.3.6 Deck Officers – All Vessel Types
4.3.7 Engineer Officers – All Vessel Types
4.3.8 Catering Crew – All Vessel Types
4.3.9 Anchor Handling and Supply Vessels
4.3.10 Bulk Carriers
4.3.11 Container Vessels
4.3.12 General Cargo Vessels
4.3.13 Offshore Support Vessels
4.3.14 Oil Tankers, Product and Chemical Carriers
4.3.15 RoRo and Passenger Vessels
4.3.16 Standby Vessels
5 Safe Access and Safe Movement
5.1 Regulations and Guidance
5.2 Safe Access
5.3 Safe Movement
5.4 Walkways and Working Decks
5.5 Stairways
5.6 Vertical Ladders
5.7 Emergency Escapes

5.8 Good Housekeeping and Working Practices

6 Watertight Doors

6.1 Regulations and Watertight Integrity

6.2 Categorisation of Watertight Doors (MCA)

6.3 Modes of Operation

6.4 Good Working Practices

6.5 Incident and Accidents

7 Housekeeping and Hygiene

7.1 General Housekeeping

7.2 Galley Housekeeping and Hygiene

7.2.1 Personal Hygiene

7.2.2 Food Storage

7.2.3 Food Storage (Temperature Controlled)

7.2.4 Food Preparation

7.3 Galley Equipment

7.4 Housekeeping and Hygiene Inspections

7.5 Galley Safe Working Practices

7.6 Potable Water

7.6.1 Potable Water Tanks and System

7.6.2 Maintenance of Potable Water Tanks

7.6.3 Loading of Potable Water

7.6.4 Case Study: Black Watch

8 Personal Protective Equipment (PPE)

8.1 Introduction

8.2 Regulations and Guidance

8.3 Purpose of PPE

8.4 Types of PPE

8.5 Selection of PPE
9 Risk Assessments

9.1 Regulations and Guidance

9.2 Principles of Risk Assessment

9.3 Risk Assessment Methodology

10 Permit to Work Systems (PTW)

10.1 Regulations and Guidance

10.2 Principles of the PTW System

10.3 PTW System

11 Entry into Enclosed Spaces

11.1 Regulations and Guidance

11.2 Enclosed Spaces

11.3 Enclosed Space Hazards

11.4 Enclosed Space Entry Methodology

11.4.1 Safety Management System

11.4.2 Assess the Risk

11.4.3 Control Measures

11.4.4 Precautions during Entry

11.4.5 Contingency Arrangements

12 Safe Use of Work Equipment

12.1 Regulations and Guidance

12.2 Measures and Controls

13 Mooring

13.1 Assessing the Risk

13.2 Permanent Mooring Equipment

13.3 Temporary Mooring Equipment

13.4 Snap-Back Zones and Hazard Identification

13.5 Safe Mooring Practices
14 Accident Investigations

14.1 Regulations and Guidance

14.2 Marine Accident Investigation Branch (MAIB)

14.3 On board Reporting of Accidents

14.4 On board Investigation of Accidents

14.5 Accident Area and Preservation of Evidence

14.6 Witness Statements

14.7 Voyage Data Recorders (VDRs)