Published: January 2003
This book discusses the criteria influencing site selection for marine gas terminals and provides guidance on control of the main risk elements.
It acknowledges the dynamic nature of operating environments and the fact that risk profiles will change with time. Operators require both a systematic assessment of operating risk and a range of risk reduction methods that can be tailored to be effective in specific circumstances. This book aims to satisfy both these requirements.
It also looks at management of relations with the providers of port services, other port users and the wider social community of the port.
Table of Contents
1. Hazards of LNG Operations
1.1 Safety Critical Properties of LNG
1.2 Containment Systems for LNG
1.3 Resistance of Gas Tankers to Collision and Grounding Impacts
1.4 Characteristics of Gas Releases to the Atmosphere
1.5 Consequences of Ingress from the Sea
2. Risk Assessment
2.1 QRA Methodology
2.2 Special Areas for Performing a QRA of LNG Port Operations
2.3 Summary of General Considerations
3. Managing Tanker Transits
3.1 Anchorages
3.2 Approach Channels
3.3 Turning Basins
3.4 Operational Management of Tanker Transits
3.5 Special Defensive Procedures
4. Terminal Site Selection
4.1 Elementary Criteria
4.2 Terminal Operations (Basis of Design)
4.3 Port Operations (Manoeuvres)
4.4 External Threats (Protective Location)
4.5 Port Development
5. Managing Gas Transfer Operations
5.1 The Elements of Interface Security
5.2 Effective Mooring
5.3 Cargo Transfer Systems (Emergency Shut Down – ESD)
5.4 Jetty Operations and Control
5.5 Protection from External Threats
6. Managing Relations with Port Authorities and Other Stakeholders
6.1 Contingency Planning
6.2 Local Partnerships
6.3 APELL
6.4 Managing the LNG Risk – ‘Successful’ to ‘Significant’
